Temperature changes are part of everyday life, but regulating body temperature becomes more challenging as we age. Older adults often feel colder or hotter than others around them due to their body’s reduced ability to regulate heat, which can sometimes lead to serious health risks.
Whether you’re trying to keep your older parent cool during the summertime or helping them stay warm during the colder months, tips and tricks like drinking fluids, layering smartly, and watching for warning signs of heat stress can help you keep your loved one comfortable all year round.
What Is Temperature Intolerance?
Temperature intolerance refers to the difficulty some people experience in maintaining a comfortable body temperature in response to their environment. You might know someone who always needs a blanket, even when others feel warm, or who becomes excessively overheated on mild summer days.
For many older adults, these experiences are everyday and can signal changes in their body’s natural thermoregulation.
What Causes Heat & Cold Intolerance as You Age?
The body’s ability to regulate temperature declines with age for several physiological reasons, including how the body retains heat and how efficiently it cools down.
Reduced Insulation
Aging causes a natural decline in muscle mass and fat stores, which the body relies on for insulation. With thinner layers of fat under the skin, the body becomes less effective at staying warm in colder conditions.
Slower Metabolism
A person’s metabolic rate naturally slows down with age, reducing the amount of heat the body generates. This is especially noticeable in cold weather when a lower metabolism means the body creates less internal warmth to combat the chill.
Impaired Heat Transfer
Sweat glands also become less effective as we age, making it harder for older adults to cool down by sweating. Additionally, the body may circulate blood more slowly to the skin’s surface, reducing its ability to transfer heat or cool the body efficiently.
Changes in Blood Vessels
Age-related changes to blood vessel elasticity and function can impair circulation. Poor blood flow affects how effectively the body warms up or cools down, leading to heightened sensitivity to external temperatures.
Reduced Thermoregulation Sensitivity
The body’s hypothalamus, often called its “thermostat,” becomes less efficient with age. This means older adults may not feel temperature changes as quickly as younger people, leading to delayed responses to overheating or cold exposure.
Increased Risk with Temperature Intolerance
Temperature intolerance in older adults causes discomfort and can lead to serious health complications if not managed carefully.
Hypothermia in Cold Weather
Older adults are at an increased risk of hypothermia. Due to their reduced ability to retain body heat, hypothermia can occur more quickly in older individuals, especially if they’re unaware of how cold they’ve become.
Heat Stroke in Warm Weather
On the other end of the spectrum, older adults are also more vulnerable to heat stroke. Impaired sweating and slower blood flow can lead to the rapid buildup of body heat, potentially putting them in life-threatening situations.
Staying Safe in Cold Weather
Cold weather can be particularly challenging for older adults, but a few proactive steps can help them stay safe and comfortable during the chillier months.
Tips for Staying Warm in Winter
- Layer Up: Choose multiple light layers of clothing from insulating materials like wool or fleece. Layers trap warm air more efficiently than a single bulky garment.
- Keep Your Home Cozy: Set indoor heating to at least 68°F and seal windows and doors to prevent drafts.
- Use Warm Accessories: Hats, gloves, and scarves are essential. Remember, body heat can escape through the head and hands.
- Stay Active Indoors: Light exercise can help boost circulation and generate body heat. Activities like stretching or walking around the house are excellent options.
- Drink Warm Beverages: Teas, broths, and hot water can help raise your internal body temperature. Just avoid alcohol, as it can lower your core temperature.
Staying Safe in Warm Weather
When temperatures climb, there are several strategies to ensure older adults stay cool and avoid overheating.
Tips for Staying Cool in Summer
- Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water throughout the day, as dehydration worsens the body’s ability to regulate heat. Keep a water bottle handy, even during short outings.
- Dress Lightly: Wear loose, lightweight clothing made from breathable fabrics such as cotton to help wick away sweat.
- Use Air Conditioning: Keep air conditioners or fans running during hot days. If your home doesn’t have cooling, consider spending time in public places like libraries or malls.
- Avoid Peak Heat Hours: Stay indoors during the hottest parts of the day, usually between 10 am and 4 pm. If outdoor errands are necessary, complete them early in the morning or late in the evening.
- Cool Down Quickly: To cool down rapidly, use damp washcloths on your wrists, neck, or forehead. A lukewarm bath or shower is also effective.
Supporting a Loved One with Temperature Intolerance
If you’re a caregiver, pay close attention to how your loved one reacts to temperature changes. Encourage them to practice these safety tips and monitor their environment closely, especially during extreme weather months. Sometimes, age-related medical conditions like diabetes or cardiovascular issues can worsen temperature intolerance, so regular check-ups with a healthcare provider are vital.
Staying Comfortable and Safe Year-Round
Understanding how aging affects temperature regulation empowers older adults and their caregivers to take proactive steps. At All American Assisted Living at Wrentham, we advocate for seniors and their families to be aware of the risks of temperature changes as a person ages. Contact us today to see how our community can help support your loved one, regardless of their health and wellness journey.
